Temperature

Temperature is the measure of heat expressed in terms of any of several scales, usually in Fahrenheit or Celsius.

Marine creatures face a very high risk from the increase in temperature. These include high level of mortality, loss of breeding grounds and mass movements from species searching for favorable environmental conditions

The Rising temperatures will also affect vegetation and reef-building species like corals and mangroves that protect coastlines from erosion and sea-level rise. Rising sea levels and erosion will particularly affect low-lying island countries in the Pacific Ocean, destroying housing and infrastructure and forcing people to relocate.

pH Level

The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, with 7 being a neutral pH. Anything higher than 7 is basic (or alkaline) and anything lower than 7 is acidic.

The ability of some fish, like clownfish, to detect predators is decreased in more acidic waters. Studies have shown that decreased pH levels also affect the ability of larval clownfish offsite link to locate suitable habitat.

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Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen that is present in water. Although water molecules do contain an oxygen atom, this oxygen is not what is needed by aquatic organisms.

Waters with less than 0.2 mg/L of dissolved oxygen are called anoxic and are unable to support most forms of life. Waters with no measurable dissolved oxygen are called hypoxic. A fundamental effect of hypoxia is the loss of energy from the Bay’s food chain. By precluding or stunting the growth of bottom-dwellers such as clams and worms, hypoxia robs their predators of an important source of nutrition.

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Salinity

The term "salinity" refers to the concentrations of salts in water or soils. As a general guideline, it is best to maintain a salinity of 1.026.

Salinity can affect the density of ocean water: Water that has higher salinity is denser and heavier and will sink underneath less saline, warmer water. This can affect the movement of ocean currents. It can also affect marine life, which may need to regulate its intake of saltwater. Reference

Chlorophyll

The concentration of chlorophyll is related to the amount of photosynthetic plankton, or phytoplankton, present in the ocean. Phytoplankton populations are influenced by climatic factors such as sea surface temperatures and winds. Changes in phytoplankton populations may impact fish and other marine life, which can affect economic productivity and food availability.

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Turbidity

Turbidity is the measure of relative clarity of a liquid. Often caused by particles in the water that scatter light, high turbidity gives the water a murky or cloudy look.

High turbidity can significantly reduce the aesthetic quality of lakes and streams, having a harmful impact on recreation and tourism.

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